व्याकरण (Grammar )म्हणजे भाषेची रचना, शब्दांची मांडणी आणि वाक्यरचना यांचे नियम. योग्य Grammar मुळे विद्यार्थी स्पष्ट, अचूक आणि प्रभावी संवाद साधू शकतात.
प्रस्तावना
Grammar म्हणजे भाषेचा कणा (backbone). CTET-2026 मध्ये Language Pedagogy आणि English section मध्ये Grammar वर थेट व अप्रत्यक्ष प्रश्न विचारले जातात. योग्य Grammar मुळे reading, writing, speaking आणि teaching effectiveness वाढते.
1️⃣ Parts of Speech (शब्दांचे प्रकार)
Definition:
Parts of Speech म्हणजे वाक्यात शब्द कोणती भूमिका बजावतो ते दर्शवतात.
Main Types:
- Noun (नाम) – name of person/place/thing
👉 boy, school, honesty - Pronoun (सर्वनाम) – used instead of noun
👉 he, she, they - Verb (क्रियापद) – action or state
👉 run, is, think - Adjective (विशेषण) – describes noun
👉 beautiful, tall - Adverb (क्रियाविशेषण) – describes verb/adjective
👉 quickly, very - Preposition (पूर्वसर्ग) – relation
👉 in, on, under - Conjunction (उभयान्वयी अव्यय) – joins words/sentences
👉 and, but, because - Interjection (उद्गारवाचक) – expression of feeling
👉 Wow!, Oh!
🔹 CTET Tip: Functional grammar questions common.
2️⃣ Tenses (काळ)
Tense = Time of action
Three Main Tenses
- Present Tense
- Simple: I play.
- Continuous: I am playing.
- Perfect: I have played.
- Past Tense
- I played / was playing / had played
- Future Tense
- I will play / will be playing
🔹 Teaching Focus: Context-based tense usage.
3️⃣ Subject–Verb Agreement (कर्ता-क्रियापद सुसंगती)
Rule:
👉 Singular subject → singular verb
👉 Plural subject → plural verb
Examples:
✔ She writes well.
✔ They write well.
❌ She write well.
🔹 CTET Question Type: Error identification.
4️⃣ Articles & Determiners (Articles व Determiners)
Articles
- A / An – indefinite
- The – definite
✔ an apple
✔ the sun
Determiners
👉 this, that, some, many, few, my, your
✔ My books are new.
🔹 Common Error Area in CTET
5️⃣ Prepositions (पूर्वसर्ग)
Definition: Shows relationship between noun/pronoun and other words.
👉 in, on, at, under, between
Examples:
✔ The book is on the table.
✔ He lives in Pune.
🔹 Pedagogy Focus: Usage through activities.
6️⃣ Active & Passive Voice (कर्तरी व कर्मणी प्रयोग)
Active Voice
👉 Subject does action
✔ Ram wrote a letter.
Passive Voice
👉 Action emphasized
✔ A letter was written by Ram.
🔹 Use in Teaching: Formal writing, reports.
7️⃣ Direct & Indirect Speech (संवाद व अप्रत्यक्ष कथन)
Direct Speech
✔ He said, “I am tired.”
Indirect Speech
✔ He said that he was tired.
🔹 Changes occur in:
- Pronoun
- Tense
- Time words
8️⃣ Modals (सहायक क्रियापदे)
👉 can, could, may, might, must, should, will
Uses:
- Ability – can
- Permission – may
- Obligation – must
- Advice – should
🔹 CTET asks: Function-based questions.
9️⃣ Conjunctions (उभयान्वयी अव्यय)
Types:
- Coordinating – and, but, or
- Subordinating – because, although, if
- Correlative – either…or, not only…but also
✔ He is poor but honest.
Role of Grammar in Teaching (शिक्षणात व्याकरणाचे महत्त्व)
- Improves language accuracy
- Helps error correction
- Builds confidence
- Supports communicative approach
CTET emphasizes how grammar is taught, not just rules.
CTET-2026 English Grammar – MCQs
1️⃣ Parts of Speech
1. Identify the part of speech of the word “honest” in the sentence:
He is an honest man.
A) Noun
B) Verb
C) Adjective
D) Adverb
✅ Answer: C
2. Which word is a pronoun?
A) Teacher
B) Quickly
C) They
D) Honest
✅ Answer: C
2️⃣ Tenses
3. Choose the correct sentence:
A) She go to school daily.
B) She goes to school daily.
C) She gone to school daily.
D) She going to school daily.
✅ Answer: B
4. Identify the tense: “They were playing cricket.”
A) Simple Past
B) Past Continuous
C) Present Continuous
D) Past Perfect
✅ Answer: B
3️⃣ Subject–Verb Agreement
5. One of the boys ___ absent today.
A) are
B) were
C) is
D) have
✅ Answer: C
6. Neither Ram nor his friends ___ present.
A) is
B) was
C) are
D) has
✅ Answer: C
4️⃣ Articles & Determiners
7. Choose the correct article:
___ elephant is a huge animal.
A) A
B) An
C) The
D) No article
✅ Answer: B
8. Which is a determiner?
A) Beautiful
B) Quickly
C) Some
D) Run
✅ Answer: C
5️⃣ Prepositions
9. The cat is ___ the table.
A) in
B) on
C) at
D) by
✅ Answer: B
10. He lives ___ Mumbai.
A) at
B) on
C) in
D) under
✅ Answer: C
6️⃣ Active & Passive Voice
11. Identify the passive voice sentence:
A) Ram wrote a letter.
B) Ram is writing a letter.
C) A letter was written by Ram.
D) Ram writes letters.
✅ Answer: C
12. Change into passive voice:
She sings a song.
A) A song is sung by her.
B) A song was sung by her.
C) A song has sung by her.
D) A song sung by her.
✅ Answer: A
7️⃣ Direct & Indirect Speech
13. He said, “I am tired.”
Indirect speech:
A) He said that he is tired.
B) He said that he was tired.
C) He says that he was tired.
D) He said he tired.
✅ Answer: B
14. Which sentence is direct speech?
A) He said that he was happy.
B) He said he is happy.
C) He said, “I am happy.”
D) He says he was happy.
✅ Answer: C
8️⃣ Modals
15. Which modal shows obligation?
A) Can
B) May
C) Must
D) Could
✅ Answer: C
16. You ___ respect your teachers.
A) may
B) can
C) should
D) might
✅ Answer: C
9️⃣ Conjunctions
17. I was tired ___ I continued working.
A) because
B) but
C) and
D) so
✅ Answer: B
18. Which is a subordinating conjunction?
A) And
B) Or
C) Because
D) But
✅ Answer: C
Mixed Grammar
19. Identify the error:
He do not like tea.
A) He
B) do
C) not
D) tea
✅ Answer: B
20. Choose the correct sentence:
A) She has did her work.
B) She have done her work.
C) She has done her work.
D) She done her work.
✅ Answer: C
Pedagogy Based (CTET Special)
21. Grammar should be taught mainly through:
A) Rules only
B) Memorization
C) Context and usage
D) Translation
✅ Answer: C
22. Best way to teach prepositions is:
A) Definition method
B) Drill method
C) Activity-based learning
D) Lecture method
✅ Answer: C
23. Which sentence is grammatically correct?
A) Each students are present.
B) Each student is present.
C) Each students is present.
D) Each student are present.
✅ Answer: B
24. Identify the modal: “You may go now.”
A) You
B) go
C) now
D) may
✅ Answer: D
25. Choose correct preposition:
He is good ___ mathematics.
A) in
B) at
C) on
D) for
✅ Answer: B
26. She ___ finished her homework.
A) has
B) have
C) is
D) was
✅ Answer: A
27. Which word is an adverb?
A) Slow
B) Slowly
C) Slowness
D) Slower
✅ Answer: B
28. Identify the voice:
The work has been completed.
A) Active
B) Passive
C) Direct
D) Indirect
✅ Answer: B
29. Either Ram or Shyam ___ coming.
A) are
B) were
C) is
D) have
✅ Answer: C
30. Which is a correlative conjunction?
A) Because
B) But
C) Either…or
D) And
✅ Answer: C
निष्कर्ष
CTET-2026 साठी Grammar म्हणजे केवळ नियम नाहीत, तर meaningful usage + pedagogy आहे. Teachers should focus on context, activities, and learner-centered approach.