CTET–2026 Active and Passive Voice हा English Grammar मधील महत्त्वाचा topic आहे. Active व Passive Voice ची definition, rules, tense-wise examples, voice change, MCQs आणि exam tips Marathi व English mix मध्ये येथे दिले आहेत.
प्रस्तावना
English Grammar मध्ये Active Voice आणि Passive Voice हा अत्यंत महत्त्वाचा topic आहे. CTET–2026 परीक्षेमध्ये या topic वरून direct MCQs, sentence transformation आणि error detection असे प्रश्न विचारले जातात. त्यामुळे शिक्षक पात्रता परीक्षेच्या दृष्टीने हा topic नीट समजून घेणे खूप गरजेचे आहे.
Voice म्हणजे verb च्या माध्यमातून subject आणि object यांच्यातील संबंध कसा दाखवला जातो ते. मराठीत आपण याला कर्तरी प्रयोग (Active) आणि कर्मणी प्रयोग (Passive) असेही म्हणतो.
CTET–2026 : Tenses in English Grammar
NCERT – English Grammar Content
What is Active Voice? (Active Voice म्हणजे काय?)
जेव्हा Subject स्वतः क्रिया करतो, तेव्हा त्या sentence ला Active Voice म्हणतात.
Definition:
👉 In Active Voice, the subject performs the action.
Structure:
Subject + Verb + Object
Examples:
- Ram writes a letter.
राम पत्र लिहितो. - The teacher explains the lesson.
शिक्षक धडा समजावतात. - She sings a song.
ती गाणे गाते.
👉 Active Voice sentences are direct, clear and strong असतात.
What is Passive Voice? (Passive Voice म्हणजे काय?)
जेव्हा Subject वर क्रिया केली जाते, तेव्हा ते sentence Passive Voice मध्ये असते.
Definition:
👉 In Passive Voice, the subject receives the action.
Structure:
Object + helping verb (is/are/was/were/been) + Past Participle (V³) + by + Subject
Examples:
- A letter is written by Ram.
रामकडून पत्र लिहिले जाते. - The lesson is explained by the teacher.
शिक्षकांकडून धडा समजावला जातो. - A song is sung by her.
तिच्याकडून गाणे गायले जाते.
👉 Passive Voice चा वापर formal writing, reports आणि notices मध्ये जास्त केला जातो.
Active to Passive Voice Conversion (Active → Passive कसे करायचे?)
Steps:
- Active sentence मधील Object ला Passive sentence चा Subject करा.
- Verb चा Past Participle (V³) वापरा.
- Tense नुसार योग्य helping verb वापरा.
- Active sentence मधील Subject ला by लावून शेवटी ठेवा.
Tense-wise Examples
1. Present Simple Tense
Active: She cleans the room.
Passive: The room is cleaned by her.
2. Present Continuous Tense
Active: He is writing a letter.
Passive: A letter is being written by him.
3. Present Perfect Tense
Active: They have completed the work.
Passive: The work has been completed by them.
4. Past Simple Tense
Active: He wrote a book.
Passive: A book was written by him.
5. Past Continuous Tense
Active: She was cooking food.
Passive: Food was being cooked by her.
6. Past Perfect Tense
Active: They had won the match.
Passive: The match had been won by them.
7. Future Simple Tense
Active: He will help you.
Passive: You will be helped by him.
Modal Verbs in Passive Voice
Modal verbs (can, could, may, might, must, should) साठी structure:
Modal + be + V³
Examples:
- Active: She can solve the problem.
Passive: The problem can be solved by her. - Active: You must follow the rules.
Passive: The rules must be followed by you.
When to Use Passive Voice? (Passive कधी वापरायचा?)
✔️ जेव्हा doer महत्त्वाचा नसतो
✔️ Scientific facts आणि reports मध्ये
✔️ Official notices आणि formal writing मध्ये
Examples:
- The road was repaired.
- The exam papers are checked.
Important Points for CTET–2026
✔️ Passive Voice मध्ये only transitive verbs वापरले जातात
✔️ Intransitive verbs (sleep, go, come) चे passive होत नाही
✔️ Pronoun बदलताना काळजी घ्या (I → me, she → her)
✔️ By + subject कधी कधी टाळले जाते
Common Mistakes (विद्यार्थी करतात त्या चुका)
❌ चुकीचा helping verb वापरणे
❌ Verb चा V³ form चुकीचा घेणे
❌ Tense बदलणे
Active & Passive Voice – 50 MCQs
1. Identify the Active Voice sentence.
A) A letter is written by Ram.
B) The work was done by her.
C) Ram writes a letter.
D) The match was won by them.
👉 Answer: C
2. Identify the Passive Voice sentence.
A) She sings a song.
B) A song is sung by her.
C) He plays cricket.
D) They read books.
👉 Answer: B
3. Active: He cleans the room. Passive form is –
A) The room cleaned by him
B) The room is cleaned by him
C) The room was cleaned by him
D) The room has cleaned by him
👉 Answer: B
4. Passive: The work was done by her. Active is –
A) She does the work
B) She is doing the work
C) She did the work
D) She has done the work
👉 Answer: C
5. Which tense is used in: “The letter is written by him”?
A) Past Simple
B) Present Continuous
C) Present Simple
D) Present Perfect
👉 Answer: C
6. Active: They are playing football. Passive is –
A) Football is played by them
B) Football was being played by them
C) Football is being played by them
D) Football has been played by them
👉 Answer: C
7. Which verb cannot be changed into Passive Voice?
A) Write
B) Eat
C) Sleep
D) Read
👉 Answer: C
8. Active: She has completed the work. Passive is –
A) The work is completed by her
B) The work has been completed by her
C) The work was completed by her
D) The work had completed by her
👉 Answer: B
9. Passive Voice structure is –
A) Subject + Verb + Object
B) Subject + V¹ + Object
C) Object + helping verb + V³
D) Subject + helping verb + V²
👉 Answer: C
10. Active: He wrote a book. Passive is –
A) A book is written by him
B) A book was written by him
C) A book has written by him
D) A book had written by him
👉 Answer: B
11. Active: The teacher teaches English. Passive –
A) English taught by the teacher
B) English is taught by the teacher
C) English was taught by the teacher
D) English has taught by the teacher
👉 Answer: B
12. Passive: The match will be won by them. Active –
A) They win the match
B) They won the match
C) They will win the match
D) They are winning the match
👉 Answer: C
13. Modal verb passive structure is –
A) Modal + V¹
B) Modal + V²
C) Modal + be + V³
D) Modal + have + V³
👉 Answer: C
14. Active: She can solve the problem. Passive –
A) The problem is solved by her
B) The problem can be solved by her
C) The problem was solved by her
D) The problem has solved by her
👉 Answer: B
15. Active: They had finished the work. Passive –
A) The work was finished by them
B) The work has been finished by them
C) The work had been finished by them
D) The work is finished by them
👉 Answer: C
16. Passive voice is mostly used in –
A) Stories
B) Conversations
C) Formal writing
D) Poems
👉 Answer: C
17. Active: Someone stole my bag. Passive –
A) My bag was stolen
B) My bag was stolen by someone
C) My bag is stolen
D) My bag has stolen
👉 Answer: B
18. Passive: The rules must be followed. Active –
A) You followed the rules
B) You must follow the rules
C) You follow the rules
D) You are following the rules
👉 Answer: B
19. Which is Passive Voice?
A) He helps me
B) She is cooking food
C) Food is being cooked by her
D) They played cricket
👉 Answer: C
20. Active voice sentence is generally –
A) Indirect
B) Complex
C) Clear and direct
D) Lengthy
👉 Answer: C
(21–50) Short MCQs – Answers Given Below
- Passive of “She reads a book”
A) Book reads by her
B) A book is read by her
C) A book was read by her
D) A book has read by her - Passive of “He is painting a wall”
👉 A wall is being painted by him - Verb form used in Passive Voice
👉 Past Participle (V³) - “By whom” is used to ask about –
👉 Doer of action - Passive of “They will complete the task”
👉 The task will be completed by them - Intransitive verb example –
👉 Go - Passive of “She was singing a song”
👉 A song was being sung by her - Passive sentence uses which helping verb?
👉 Is / was / been - Passive of “He has written a letter”
👉 A letter has been written by him - Active of “The cake was eaten by me”
👉 I ate the cake - Passive of “She teaches students”
👉 Students are taught by her - Passive of “We respect our teachers”
👉 Our teachers are respected by us - Passive of “He will help you”
👉 You will be helped by him - Passive of “They are watching a movie”
👉 A movie is being watched by them - Passive of “She had cleaned the house”
👉 The house had been cleaned by her - Active voice focuses on –
👉 Subject - Passive voice focuses on –
👉 Object - Passive of “Someone broke the window”
👉 The window was broken - Passive of “She must complete the work”
👉 The work must be completed by her - Passive of “He wrote many letters”
👉 Many letters were written by him - Passive of “They make toys”
👉 Toys are made by them - Passive of “She is washing clothes”
👉 Clothes are being washed by her - Passive of “We have seen the Taj Mahal”
👉 The Taj Mahal has been seen by us - Passive of “The boy kicked the ball”
👉 The ball was kicked by the boy - Passive of “He may solve the problem”
👉 The problem may be solved by him - Passive of “She sang a song”
👉 A song was sung by her - Passive of “They are building a house”
👉 A house is being built by them - Passive of “He completed the work”
👉 The work was completed by him - Passive of “She will write a letter”
👉 A letter will be written by her - Passive voice is common in –
👉 Official notices & reports
निष्कर्ष
Active आणि Passive Voice हा CTET–2026 साठी अत्यंत scoring topic आहे. योग्य practice आणि tense clarity असल्यास या topic मधील प्रश्न सहज सोडवता येतात. शिक्षक होण्यासाठी grammar वर मजबूत पकड असणे आवश्यक आहे आणि त्यासाठी Voice चा अभ्यास फार महत्त्वाचा आहे.